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Ged Math

Q. I do some volunteer tutoring in math at the local Adult Ed facility. Most of the people I have been working with struggled with basics (decimals, fractions, percent, etc.). Now that the high school and GED math requirements have been raised, many of them are getting into some algebra as well. Their algebra work books use a raised minus sign to denote a negative number. For example, to combine plus 6 and negative 13, the book shows 6 + -13 where the sign in front of 13 is raised (can't figure out how to do that here). And they are encouraged to think of -5 - 4 as -5 + -4 Note: the '-' not followed by a space is raised. So, given that my college algebra was in the late 50's (I'm in my late 60's), could someone please comment about how to approach this notation so I can do right for the students? Anything to help me teach that notation and, more importantly, help me help them to gracefully transition to taking tests that do not employ that notation, would be greatly appreciated. A new GED book I have does not use it and, I expect, technical exams, like for an electrician's union, will probably not use it either

A. One can also think of: -5 + -4 as... -5 - 4 = -9 After all, -5 - 4 has fewer symbols than -5 + -4. In general, a + -b = a - b, regardless if a or b are positive or negative themselves. For example, let a=1 and b=2: 1 + -2 = 1 - 2 = -1 Or let a = 1 and b = -2: 1 + -(-2) = 1 - (-2) = 1 + 2 = 3 ...which raises another useful property. Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding the opposite of the negative (adding the positive). In general, a - -b = a + b, regardless if a or b are themselves positive or negative.

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